What Causes Brain Tumours? Understanding Risks and Prevention

What Is a Risk Factor?

What Are the Risk Factors for Brain Tumours?

• Age: As we get older, the risk of developing most cancers, including brain tumours, increases. The risk is highest for people aged 85 to 89, but brain tumours can occur at any age.
• Radiation Exposure: Exposure to ionising radiation—such as previous radiation therapy for other cancers, or rarely from medical imaging like X-rays and CT scans—is a well-documented risk factor. Children are particularly sensitive to radiation, and the risk is greater with higher doses.
• Family History and Genetic Factors: While most brain tumours are not directly inherited, having a close relative (parent, sibling, or child) with a brain tumour can slightly increase your risk. Certain genetic syndromes, such as neurofibromatosis, tuberous sclerosis, and Li-Fraumeni syndrome, are linked to a higher risk of specific brain tumours.
• Overweight and Obesity: Being overweight or obese can slightly increase the risk of some brain tumours, especially meningiomas. In the UK, about 2% of brain tumours diagnosed each year are linked to excess weight.
• Other Possible Risk Factors: Viral infections, birth weight and developmental issues, height, socioeconomic status, immune system suppression, gender, race/ethnicity, and certain environmental exposures may also contribute, though evidence varies in strength.

Environmental and Lifestyle Factors

• Exposure to Chemicals: Some jobs involving chemicals or pollutants may slightly increase risk, but the evidence is weak.
• Cell Phone Use: There is no strong evidence linking cell phone use to brain tumours, but research is ongoing.
• Stress and Mental Health: While not a direct cause, chronic stress may impact overall health and potentially influence cancer risk.

Can I Reduce My Risk?

• Maintain a Healthy Weight: Regular physical activity and a balanced diet can help you stay at a healthy weight.
• Limit Radiation Exposure: Only have medical imaging when necessary, and follow your doctor’s advice.
• Protect Yourself from Harmful Substances: Avoid exposure to environmental toxins and chemicals where possible.
• Eat a Brain-Healthy Diet: Focus on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. Limit processed foods and added sugars.
• Stay Mentally and Physically Active: Engage in regular exercise and activities that challenge your brain.
• Manage Stress: Practice stress management techniques like meditation, yoga, or deep breathing exercises.

Conclusion